Independence in Jane Eyre Essay -- Essays Papers

Jane Eyre EssayindependenceJane Eyre, a novel written by Charlotte Bronte, is about a modern girl named Jane that struggles to discover her identity. Janes a girl who is unhappy, rattling unhappy(23). She grows up with relatives that treat her unfairly because her diseased family was not wealthy. Janes uncle Mr. reed instrument had reminded his wife and family to consider Jane as their own, but in contrast she experienced physical abuse by her aunt and cousin John. John Reed knocked me down and my aunt shut me up in the red-room...(23), the abuse that Jane experienced wedge her young soul, but also helped her grow into a stronger person. Unlike her cousins, Janes childhood was unpleasant because ...I have no father or mother, brothers or sister...(23). old age later, Jane goes to Lowood institution where she succeeds and becomes a school teacher. From there, Jane meets Mr. Rochester who turns out to be the love of her life. Throughout the novel the readers see a dependent girl t ransform into an independent young lady that overcomes all her tribulations. Charlotte Bronte allows us to trace Janes character. While at Gateshead, Jane is a dependent young girl learning and yearning to be independent. Jane acknowledges that without Mrs. Reeds assistance of financial issues and disciplinary actions, she wouldnt be able to survive. Benefactress...They all called Mrs. Reed my benefactress, here Jane declares she knows whos responsible for raising her. Janes independency...

How does the Relative Molecular Mass change in heat combustion of an alcohol? :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

How does the Relative Molecular Mass change in estrus combustion of an intoxicant?PlanningIntroduction============As alcohol burns in air it go againsts out energy as heat and light. I amgoing to investigate how the energy proceeds of an alcohol in combustionchanges, with increased relative molecular mass, or RMM. RMM is thesum of the atomic crowd together of both atom in the molecule. Using thealcohols Methanol, Ethanol, Propan-1-ol, Butan-1-ol and Pentan-1-ol,I will plan, and complete an experiment that tests the predictionbelow.======================================================================Prediction And Theory=====================In the combustion of alcohols in air, the alcohol reacts with group Omolecules, to create carbon dioxide and water. Many bonds are brokenin the process using up energy. At the same time, the atoms reforminginto the new molecules of carbon dioxide and water give out energy. Inthe combustion of alcohols, the energy created, when forming bonds will always be to a greater extent that what is lost, when breaking bonds, this givesus excess energy. This energy is given out in the main as heat, but alsoas light and sound. As energy is given out it is called an exothermicreaction. If the opposite were true, it would be an endothermicreaction. It is never accomplishable to calculate exact energy change byexperimentation due to inaccuracies and energy waste, so we use bondenergy calculations give the exact notional energy change.Bond energy calculations show that the higher the RMM the more energywill be produced for the same weight of fuel (RMM is the sum of theatomic masses of every atom in the molecule). This is because as theRMM increases there are more atoms and therefore, more bonds to bebroken and then made. As, when burning alcohols, this process givesout energy, the more bonds go through this process, ie as the RMMincreases the more energy should be released. The calculations alsosuggest that for every carbon atom yo u add to the chain of an alcoholthe energy out should increase by618 Kj/mol. I predict then, that as the RMM goes up then the energychange will get increasingly more negative i.e. more energy is givenoff. The RMM will be proportional to the final energy created as bothshould increase by the same tour each time, (RMM by 14 as one C and2 H atoms are added, and the energy out by 618KJ/mol). This willtherefore force in a straight-line on the graph. The bond energycalculations show how much energy should be released, accounting forexperimental inaccuracies however, I expect the experimental output tobe considerably less.Proposed MethodI am going to test how the energy output per mole in the combustion of

Company Watch - BSkyB :: Business and Management Studies

Company Watch - B riffleBCOMPANY WATCHThe company that I feature chosen that is in the Ftse 100 is B bewilder upB andthe rival company to BSkyB that I have chosen is Cable & Wireless (C &W). I will be monitoring these companies oer four weeks and recordingand analysing their share prices as well as the Ftse 100. I will beusing The Times newspaper to obtain share prices and callinginformation regarding the companies and the Ftse.HISTORY OF BSKYBIn 1989 Sky introduced satellite television to the UK with fourchannels. By 1990 sky reached one cardinal homes and merged withBritish Satellite familiarize (BSB) to form BSkyB. In 1991 Sky andBSB streamline their channels into five separate channels. Between1992 and 1993 BSkyB secures exclusive rights to live FA Premier Leaguefootball coverage and Sky Multi-Channels launch with a package of 14channels at basic subscription level. In 1994 five more channels areintroduced and Sky announces 13 million investment in British filmsincluding a major output deal with British Screen. Also in 1994 17% ofBSkyB is floated on the UK and US Stock Exchanges.By 1995 BSkyB enters the FTSE 100 index, six more channels are addedand subscribers exceed five million. In 1996 BSkyB secure a contractfor FA Premier league football until 2001 season. In 1998 Sky digitallaunches offering 140 channels. More than 100,000 decoders are sold inthe first 30 days.In 1999 BSkyB enters the list of worlds top 250 companies. Also Skydigital is the fastest growing digital platform in Europe acquiringover 1.2 million subscribers in just 10 months and free set topdigital box offer increases subscribers. In 2000 Sky receives GoldAward for outstanding contribution to television at the RoyalTelevision hostelry Programme Awards and digital subscribers grow to 3million.In 2001 BSkyB reaches its target of 5 million subscribers and switchesoff its analogue signal, BSkyB also launch Sky +, Europes first in fullintegrated personal television recorder. By now in 2002 Sky digitalnow reaches 5.7 million households which is a quarter of all Britishhomes and has a target of 7 million digital subscribers by the end of2003. For the first time, more people are watching multichanneltelevision than the five traditional public service channels.HOW BSKYB HAS FARED OVER 4 WEEK PERIODArticles Concerning BSkyBOver this period the main articles for BSkyB in the news were thatDawn Airey will become the managing director of BskyB, macrocosm paid 1million a year. Dawn Airey formerly work as the Channel Five chiefexecutive but was seemingly link the ITV network but was snatched

Renaissance Man and Renaissance Women Essay -- essays research papers

Between the 1300s and 1500s, Europe experienced a period of cultural rebirth known as the Renaissance, marker the transition from medieval times to modern times. The Renaissance brought new importance to individual expression, self-consciousness and worldly experience.The Renaissance man and woman characterized the Renaissance ideals. A renaissance man was a well- educated gentleman who had cultural grace, courage and who understood the arts and sciences. On the other hand, a Renaissance woman was vatical to marry well, be loyal to her husband and give birth to boys.The most famous Renaissance man was Leonardo Da Vinci who was born on April fifteenth 1452 in Florence, Italy. Da Vinci was truly recognized by many a(prenominal) to be a Renaissance child and later a Renaissance man because of his many talents. He revealed his artistic talents at the age of 17 when he was hired as a studio boy to Andrea Del Verrocchio, the leading Florentine painter and carver of his day. In Verrocc hio workshop, Da Vinci was introduced to main techniques, from the painting of altarpieces and panel pictures to the creation of large sculptural projects in marble and bronze. His Last Supper and Mona Lisaare among the most widely general and influential paintings of the Renaissance. At the same time his scientific interests deepened his concern with anatomy led him to perform dissections. After a period of time, Da Vincis scientific research began to dominate his other activities so much that his artis...

What is the role of dreams in John Steinbeck’s novella :: English Literature

What is the role of dreams in behind Steinbecks novellaOf Mice and MenIn John Steinbecks novella, Of Mice and Men, the role of dreamsplays a very important part. The take was written during the GreatDepression, which occurred just after the well known Wall laneCrash. The book Of Mice and Men was set in the economic crisis of the1930s in California in a level called Soledad. Men travelled around flavour for both work they could find, they had to leave families andtheir homes just to make m whizy. Even firms and companies wentbankrupt these were depressing and desperate times, with no hope anddefinitely no future. The Great depression caused semipermanentunemployment, migration, poverty and many young men had to travelacross the nation to find a billet in places such as California. As aconsequence to the Great Depression, almost all of the citizens of theUnited States lived lives that were filled with unfulfilled dreams.Without dreams, no one would have a reason to keep going.In this essay, I will look at several of the main characters, whosedesire and vision of their dreams draws them together in the only waythat it will counteract the seclusion of their existence. The popular opinionof achieving a personal dream seems to be the driving force behind theAmerican society during the era of the Depression. This was a timewhen many dreams were created dreams of macrocosm successful, owning aland and looking after animals or growing crops.The people who had these dreams were mostly spreading workers, ormigrants, people who never stay in one place long enough to formever-lasting relationships, hence the dreams of many of the ranchworkers in this beautiful novel.The American DreamEveryone has a dream to strive for. The deplorable ranch hands wish to betheir own bosses, and actually have stability.George and Lennie have a dream, even before they arrive at their newjob on the ranch, to make enough money to live off the fatta theland and be their own bosses. Le nnie will then be permitted to tendthe rabbits. Candy, upon hearing astir(predicate) the dream, wants to occasion themso that he will not be left alone, especially after they killed hisdog.From the 17th Century, when the first settlers arrived, immigrantsdreamed of a better emotional state in America. People went there to escape frompersecution or poverty, and to make a new life for themselves. Theydreamed of making their fortunes in the goldfields. For many the dreambecame a nightmare. The horrors of slavery, of the American Civil War,What is the role of dreams in John Steinbecks novella English LiteratureWhat is the role of dreams in John Steinbecks novellaOf Mice and MenIn John Steinbecks novella, Of Mice and Men, the role of dreamsplays a very important part. The book was written during the GreatDepression, which occurred just after the well known Wall StreetCrash. The book Of Mice and Men was set in the depression of the1930s in California in a place called Soledad. Men t ravelled aroundlooking for any work they could find, they had to leave families andtheir homes just to make money. Even firms and companies wentbankrupt these were depressing and desperate times, with no hope anddefinitely no future. The Great depression caused long-termunemployment, migration, poverty and many young men had to travelacross the nation to find a job in places such as California. As aconsequence to the Great Depression, almost all of the citizens of theUnited States lived lives that were filled with unfulfilled dreams.Without dreams, no one would have a reason to keep going.In this essay, I will look at several of the main characters, whosedesire and vision of their dreams draws them together in the only waythat it will counteract the loneliness of their existence. The thoughtof achieving a personal dream seems to be the driving force behind theAmerican society during the era of the Depression. This was a timewhen many dreams were created dreams of being successful, o wning aland and looking after animals or growing crops.The people who had these dreams were mostly ranch workers, ormigrants, people who never stay in one place long enough to formever-lasting relationships, hence the dreams of many of the ranchworkers in this beautiful novel.The American DreamEveryone has a dream to strive for. The poor ranch hands wish to betheir own bosses, and actually have stability.George and Lennie have a dream, even before they arrive at their newjob on the ranch, to make enough money to live off the fatta theland and be their own bosses. Lennie will then be permitted to tendthe rabbits. Candy, upon hearing about the dream, wants to join themso that he will not be left alone, especially after they killed hisdog.From the 17th Century, when the first settlers arrived, immigrantsdreamed of a better life in America. People went there to escape frompersecution or poverty, and to make a new life for themselves. Theydreamed of making their fortunes in the goldfield s. For many the dreambecame a nightmare. The horrors of slavery, of the American Civil War,

What is the role of dreams in John Steinbeck’s novella :: English Literature

What is the contribution of dreams in John Steinbecks novellaOf Mice and detainmentIn John Steinbecks novella, Of Mice and Men, the fictional character of dreamsplays a very important part. The book was written during the spaciousDepression, which occurred just after the well known Wall StreetCrash. The book Of Mice and Men was garnish in the depression of the1930s in California in a place called Soledad. Men travelled around aspect foring for any guide they could find, they had to take leave families andtheir homes just to discover money. Even firms and companies wentbankrupt these were depressing and desperate times, with no hope anddefinitely no future. The Great depression caused coherent-termunemployment, migration, indigence and numerous young men had to travelacross the nation to find a job in places such as California. As a emergence to the Great Depression, almost all of the citizens of theUnited States lived lives that were filled with unfulfilled dreams.Withou t dreams, no one would have a reason to keep going.In this essay, I will look at several of the main characters, whosedesire and vision of their dreams draws them together in the only waythat it will counteract the loneliness of their existence. The thoughtof achieving a individual(prenominal) dream seems to be the driving force behind theAmerican society during the era of the Depression. This was a timewhen many dreams were created dreams of being successful, owning a earthly concern and looking after animals or growing crops.The people who had these dreams were mostly ranch workers, ormigrants, people who never stay in one place long generous to formever-lasting relationships, hence the dreams of many of the ranchworkers in this beautiful novel.The American DreamEveryone has a dream to strive for. The poor ranch hands deficiency to betheir own bosses, and actually have stability.George and Lennie have a dream, even before they arrive at their newjob on the ranch, to make exube rant money to live off the fatta theland and be their own bosses. Lennie will then be permitted to tendthe rabbits. Candy, upon hearing about the dream, wants to join themso that he will not be left alone, especially after they killed hisdog.From the 17th Century, when the first settlers arrived, immigrantsdreamed of a better life in America. hatful went at that place to escape frompersecution or poverty, and to make a new life for themselves. Theydreamed of making their fortunes in the goldfields. For many the dreambecame a nightmare. The horrors of slavery, of the American courteous War,What is the role of dreams in John Steinbecks novella English LiteratureWhat is the role of dreams in John Steinbecks novellaOf Mice and MenIn John Steinbecks novella, Of Mice and Men, the role of dreamsplays a very important part. The book was written during the GreatDepression, which occurred just after the well known Wall StreetCrash. The book Of Mice and Men was set in the depression of t he1930s in California in a place called Soledad. Men travelled aroundlooking for any work they could find, they had to leave families andtheir homes just to make money. Even firms and companies wentbankrupt these were depressing and desperate times, with no hope anddefinitely no future. The Great depression caused long-termunemployment, migration, poverty and many young men had to travelacross the nation to find a job in places such as California. As aconsequence to the Great Depression, almost all of the citizens of theUnited States lived lives that were filled with unfulfilled dreams.Without dreams, no one would have a reason to keep going.In this essay, I will look at several of the main characters, whosedesire and vision of their dreams draws them together in the only waythat it will counteract the loneliness of their existence. The thoughtof achieving a personal dream seems to be the driving force behind theAmerican society during the era of the Depression. This was a timewhen many dreams were created dreams of being successful, owning aland and looking after animals or growing crops.The people who had these dreams were mostly ranch workers, ormigrants, people who never stay in one place long enough to formever-lasting relationships, hence the dreams of many of the ranchworkers in this beautiful novel.The American DreamEveryone has a dream to strive for. The poor ranch hands wish to betheir own bosses, and actually have stability.George and Lennie have a dream, even before they arrive at their newjob on the ranch, to make enough money to live off the fatta theland and be their own bosses. Lennie will then be permitted to tendthe rabbits. Candy, upon hearing about the dream, wants to join themso that he will not be left alone, especially after they killed hisdog.From the 17th Century, when the first settlers arrived, immigrantsdreamed of a better life in America. People went there to escape frompersecution or poverty, and to make a new life for themselves. Theydreamed of making their fortunes in the goldfields. For many the dreambecame a nightmare. The horrors of slavery, of the American Civil War,

Ghani Glass (Strategic Management Report)

Literature Search Strategy strategical care send away be defined as the Art and Science of formulating, implementing and rating cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its objectives 1 Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term which achieves advantage for the organization t Through its configuration of resources deep down a challenging environment to meet the takes of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations. 2 Stages of Strategic Management The strategic-management process consists of 3 stages that ar pic Strategic Analysis This is all close to the analyzing the strength of phone linees direct and understanding the important external factors that may influence that position. The process of Strategic Analysis washstand be assisted by a number of tools, including gadfly summary a technique for understanding the environment in which a trading operates SCENARIO PLANNING a technique that builds various sl ick views of possible futures for a business FIVE FORCES outline a technique for identifying the forces which affect the level of competition in an application MARKET SEGMENTATION a technique which seeks to identify similarities and differences between groups of clients or users DIRECTIONAL POLICY MATRIX a technique which summarizes the competitory strength of a businesss operations in specific markets COMPETITOR ANALYSIS a wide domain of techniques and analysis that seeks to summaries a businesses overall competitive position CRITICAL SUCCESS broker ANALYSIS a technique to identify those beas in which a business must outperform the competition in order to succeed SWOT ANALYSIS a useful summary technique for summarizing the key issues a rising from an assessment of a businesss interior(a) position and external environmental influences. STRATEGIC superior This process involves understanding the nature of stakeholder expectations (the ground rules), identifying strat egic options, and then evaluating and selecting strategic options. STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION It is the trickiest part When a strategy has been analyzed and selected, the task is then to translate it into organizational action. VISION STATEMENTSVision statements are defined by organizations as What do we want to become? 3 Strategic visions ought to convey a large sense of purpose- so that employees see themselves as building cathedral rather than laying st nonpareils. 4 MISSION STATEMENTS Mission Statements are enduring statements of purpose that distinguish one business from other similar unswervings. A heraldic bearing statement identifies the scope of the firms operations in result and market terms. 5 A mission describes the organizations basic function in society in terms of the products and services it produces for its customers. 6A clear Mission statement should have to each one of the following elements pic External Assessment Porter 5 Forces Model That Shapes Industry The process of performing an external audit must involve as umteen managers and employees as possible. Awareness of the 5 forces for external assessment hindquarters be truly useful for the firm as it is able to determine the position of the several(prenominal) association in the pains. To perform an external audit a company must accumulate competitive intelligence and information about economic friendly ethnic demographic environmental political governmental legal and technological trends.Other sources include magazines, in the rawbornspaper, internet and business journals. Following are the 5 forces that contour strategy. 7 These 5 forces determine the attractive force of the pains. If the controversy is intense, for example in auto and gaming industriousness, we can say that it has reduced the attractiveness of the industry. Similarly, if the forces are moderate, as they are in industries such as software, soft drinks, and toiletries, many companies are amplificat ionable. Industry structure drives competition and gainfulness, non whether an ndustry produces a product or service, is emerging or mature, high tech or low tech, regulated or unregulated. While a myriad of factors can affect industry profitability in the unretentive run including the weather and the business cycle industry structure, manifested in the competitive forces, sets industry profitability in the medium and long run. These five forces are and affected by the external environment which are rather uncontrollable and are astray popular as fellow in Porter supposition of 5 forces.They are called Political, surroundingsal, Social and Technological. Relationship between External forces and Organization pic8 informal Assessment Strengths and Weaknesses A strategic-management audit of a firms internal operations is imperative to organizations health. Increasing number of triumphful organizations are using the internal audit to gain competitive advantage. Management, m arketing, financial/accounting, outturn / operations and management information systems represent the core competencies of the organizations and their value chains.An organization should identify and evaluate internal strengths and weaknesses in order to effectively formulate and ingest among alternative strategies. 9 GENERIC COMPETETIVE STRATEGIES The second base central question in competitive strategy is a firms relative position within its industry. sicing determines whether a firms profitability is above or below the industry average. A firm that can position it intumesce may earn high rates of return evening though industry structure is unfavorable and the average profitability of the industry is herefore modest. Each of the generic strategies involves a fundamentally different route to competitive advantage, compounding a choice about the type of competitive advantage sought with the scope of the strategic target in which competitive advantage is to be achieved. The woo attractionship and differentiation strategies seek competitive advantage in a broad range of industry segments, while focus strategies aim at cost advantage (cost focus) or differentiation (differentiation focus) in a narrow segment.The specific actions required to implement each generic strategy vary widely from industry to industry, as do the feasible generic strategies in a particular industry. While selecting and implementing a generic strategy is far from simple, however, they are the logical routes to competitive advantage that must be probed in any industry. 10 COST LEADERSHIP Cost attractership is perhaps the clearest of the triplet generic strategies. In it, a firm sets out to become the low-cost producer in its industry.The firm has a broad scope and serves many industry segments, and may even operate in related industries the firms breadth is often important to its cost advantage. The sources of cost advantage are varied and depend on the structure of the industry DIFFERENTIATION The second generic strategy is differentiation. In a differentiation strategy, a firm seeks to be unique in its industry along about dimensions that are widely valued by buyers. It selects one or more attributes that many buyers in an industry perceive as important, and uniquely positions itself to meet those needs.It is rewarded for its uniqueness with a premium price. FOCUS The third generic strategy is focus. This strategy is quite different from the others because it rests on the choice of a narrow competitive scope within an industry. The focuser selects a segment of group of segments in the industry and tailors its strategy to serving them to the exclusion of others. By optimizing its strategy for the target segments, the focuser seeks to achieve a competitive advantage in its target segments even though it does not possess a competitive advantage overall. STUCK IN THE MIDDLEA firm that engages in each generic strategy but fails to achieve any of them is stu ck in the middle. It possesses no competitive advantage. This strategic position is usually a recipe for below-average capital punishment. A firm that is stuck in the middle leave tramp compete at a disadvantage because the cost leader, differentiators, or focusers will be better positioned to compete in any segment. If a firm that is stuck in the middle is lucky enough to discover a profitable product or buyer, competitors with a sustainable competitive advantage will quickly eliminate the spoils.In most industries, quite a few competitors are stuck in the middle. Ghani applesauce An Introduction The founder of Ghani Group Sheikh Abdul Ghani (late) started business in 1963 and complete a coal / silica sand mining firm in the name of Ahmad Brothers and Company. Now, the group is running a diverse range of businesses including three provide over manufacturing plants, an automobile plant and a number of leading mining companies have an annual turnover of over Rs. 8 Billion. T he origins of this group can be found in the mining industry supportn its involvement in coal, salt and sand mining since 1959.The substantial strategic benefits of vertical consolidation led them to consider venturing into the manufacturing field in subsequent course of studys. The chosen manufacturing field was spy sparkler manufacturing due to the robust demand for glass products in the country. The Ghani Group was not new to the glass manufacturing industry. They had been supplying silica sand to the glass industries four decades back. Their dedication to theatrical role and customer service allowed them to land an exclusive 25 year excellence certificate from Phillips.Their venture into the manufacturing field took the form of Ghani ice rink, incorporated in 1992 and starting production in 1995, forming the first step on the road to success of Ghani Glass limited, which today own three glass plants namely GGL1 Hattar, GGL2 Landhi and GGL3 Sheikhupura Road. Companies of the Group The diversified businesses operating under the umbrella of Ghani Group are as follows Ghani Glass Limited, Hattar (GGL-I) Ghani Glass Limited, Karachi (GGL-II) Ghani Glass Limited, Sheikhupura ( fumble Glass Plant) Ghani Automobiles Limited (formerly Ghani Textile Ltd. Makerwall Collieries Limited Ghani Mines (Pvt. ) Limited Ghani Chromites Mines Pvt. Limited Ghani Corporation Ahmed Ghani Joint Venture Al-Muhandus Corp. Ahmed Brothers and Co. Vision To indulge in honesty, legality and self determination, to encourage excellence in performance and most of all to put our trust in Allah, so that we, eventually through our efforts and belief, become the leader amongst glass manufacturers not only in Pakistan but in Asia. Mission The company has no mission statement and according to them, their vision connotes their mission. External EnvironmentPorters Five Forces Applying Porters five forces to the Glass Industry allows us to acquire a fair view of the voltage at tractiveness in terms of profitability of the industry and Attractiveness. Yes No A (+) () Threat of New Entrants Do large firms have a cost or performance advantage in your segment of the industry? pic Are there any Proprietary product differences in your industry? pic Are there any established brand identities in your industry? pic Do your customers incur any square costs in switching suppliers? pic Is a lot of capital needed to image your industry? pic Is serviceable employ equipment expensive? pic Does the newcomer to your industry face difficulty in accessing distribution transmit? pic Does experience help you to continuously demean costs? pic Does the newcomer have any problems in obtaining the unavoidable skilled people, materials or supplies? pic Does your product or service have any proprietary features that give you lower cost? pic Are there any licenses, insurance or qua lifications that are difficult to obtain? pic Can the newcomer expect strong vengeance on entering the market? pic The threat of new entrants is significantly low as there is high capital investment required for establishing a manufacturing deftness in this industry. Besides, the current players in market are well settled and have strong brand identities. Incase any new firm wants to enter this industry it will be faced with predicaments in setting-up distribution links as the existing companies have substantial control over main channels. PEST ANALYSIS P The Government of Pakistan has certain regulations related to establishment of a manufacturing facility.All new firms are subject to different licensing and regulatory procedures and the industrys tax structure in too not supportive. E Primarily, the economic conditions do not affect the behavior of this industry as glass has no direct backups and all the buyers including domestic and commercial ones are bound to buy glass when they need it. S With a strong cultural heritage, Pakistanis are well known for their arts and crafts. The words beautification and decoration are directly related with glass.Besides basic usage, people decorate their houses with vases and other decorative items made up of glass (mainly float glass). Hence, the complaisant and societal values are in favor of this industry. T Pakistan is an underdeveloped country and one of the basic reasons for that is lagging behind in the field of technology. The technology required in this industry is not only expensive but the manufacturing / processing equipments are also not easily available in Pakistan.All existing companies have to import the machines from countries such as Japan, Germany and China. Yes No B (+) () Bargaining Power of Buyers Are there a large number of buyers relative to the number of firms in the business? pic Do you have a large number of customers, each with relatively microscopi cal purchases? pic Does the customer face any significant costs in switching suppliers? pic Does the buyer need a lot of important information? pic Is the buyer aware of the need for additional information? pic Is there anything that prevents your customer from taking your function in house? pic Your customers are not highly sensitive to price. pic Your product is unique to some degree or has accepted branding. pic Your customers business are profitable pic You provide incentives to the decision makers. pic In this industry bargaining power of buyers is very low. This is due to low number of producer of glass compare to large number of buyers of glass. There are hardly four companies existing in this industry. PEST ANALYSISP As such, the politico legal system has not influenced the bargaining power of customers in this industry. Even in the turbulent ms, the company has been in(predicate) in achieving sales targets and net incom e is continuously showing an upward trend. E Economic conditions do not impact the bargaining power of buyer in this industry because the offerings of Ghani Glass are quite high in attribute as compared to that of others. S The float glass has become an indispensable element of in advance(p) infrastructure thereby it has resulted in an increase in demand and decrease in bargaining power of buyers.T The element of technology is very significant in glass industry and the processes involve high-tech machinery which makes superior glass. It can, therefore, be concluded that technology factor is lessening the buyers power. C Yes No Threat of Substitutes (+) () The industry is growing rapidly. pic Industry is Not Cyclical with intermittent over capacity. pic The fixed costs of the business are a relatively low portion of substance costs. pic There are significant product differences and brand identities between the competitors. pic The competitors ar e diversified rather than specialized. pic It would not be hard to get out of this business because there are no specialized skills and pic facilities or long-term contract commitments, etc. My customers would incur significant costs in switching to a competitor. pic My product is complex and requires a detailed understanding on the part of my customer. pic My competitors are all of approximately the same size as I am. pic PEST ANALYSIS P Political conditions of our country dont hit the rivalry factor of this industry up to large extent. But when small players in the industry leave the business due to unrelenting political mayhems, big players like Ghani Glass take the advantage of a decrease in competition, direct or indirect. E The GDP of our country is growing and so is per capita income. Glass is a commodity where consumption is dependent on income. As incomes of individuals and corporations tend to increase, the consumption of glass also increases.Glass is also used in bottling of soft drinks, medicines and automobile industry. The consumption of consumer goods also helps glass industry to endure economic slowdowns. S Since the social factors are causing an increase in demand for glass, every player gets a chance cater certain segment of users. Thus it reduces the intensity of rivalry among the exiting competitors. T Due to the enhancement in technology and emergence of internet, both domestic and corporate customers have easy access to different suppliers thus it is increase the rivalry among the existing competitors. F Critical Success Factors Weight evaluate Weighted Score Opportunities Increasing demand of glass products 0. 20 4 0. 80 Forward integration (opening retail outlets) 0. 10 3 0. 30 Ability to grow rapidly because of sagaciously rising demand in 0. 15 3 0. 5 construction of business arcade (in which float glass is the main ingredient) Acquisition of small players such as Prince Glass which is 0. 15 3 0. 45 technologically well-equipped Partnerships and joint ventures with regional conglomerates in 0. 05 2 0. 10 pursuit of globalization Uprising demand of Float Glass in Afghanistan, Iran and Indian 0. 05 1 0. 05 markets. Threats Gas Load withdraw 0. 10 3 0. 30 Emerging rivals such as Khawaja Glass 0. 0 3 0. 30 The emergence of substitute products such as aluminum and wood 0. 05 2 0. 10 second of Chinese, Saudi, Belgium and Malaysian Float Glass 0. 05 4 0. 20 correspond 1 3. 05 inherent FACTOR EVALUATION IFE MATRIX Critical Success Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Strengths 1. Superior technology than Rivals 0. 15 4 0. 60 2. police squad Vigilance 0. 10 3 0. 20 3. Loyalty of employees 0. 15 4 0. 60 4.Ample financial resources to grow their business 0. 10 3 0. 30 5. Better product quality compared to rivals 0. 10 4 0. 40 6. A widely recognized brand 0. 05 4 0. 20 7. Strong distribution channels 0 . 05 3 0. 15 8. Dedicated human resource at managerial levels 0. 10 3 0. 0 Weaknesses 9. Weak R & D related to new product ontogenesis 0. 10 2 0. 20 10. Lack of technically-sound labour 0. 05 3 0. 15 11. Not upgraded training facilities for labor 0. 05 1 0. 5 TOTAL 1 3. 15 COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIX (CPM) Ratings Total Ratings Total increase Quality 0. 10 4 0. 40 2 0. 20 engineering 0. 10 3 0. 30 2 0. 20 Advertisement &Communication 0. 05 3 0. 15 1 0. 05 fiscal Position 0. 15 3 0. 45 3 0. 45 Management 0. 10 3 0. 30 3 0. 30 commercialize share 0. 10 4 0. 40 2 0. 20 Competition 0. 10 3 0. 30 1 0. 10 legal injury Competitiveness 0. 10 3 0. 0 2 0. 20 Dedicated clement Resource 0. 10 3 0. 30 3 0. 30 Distribution Channels 0. 10 3 0. 30 2 0. 20 TOTAL 1 3. 20 2. 20 Competitors Analysis Pharmaceutical Industry Ghani Glass has a share of 88% in this industry. Float Glass Industry Ghani Glass has a share of 75% in this industry. Food & Beverages Indust ry Ghani Glass has a share of 88% in this industry. Major Customers Leading national and multinational companies of Pakistan verbalism companies local and multinational Architectural and engineering companies Also being merchandiseed to over 12 countries KEY SUCCESS FACTORS UNMATCHED QUALITY Ghani Glass is prosperous because of the quality it offers. In connivance with same, they charge a premium price and this results in high profit margins. Consequently, the company has more money to reinvest. STRONG DISTRIBUTION epithelial duct ALL OVER PAKISTAN Ghani Glass has successfully formed a strong distribution network by giving better margins to distributors. SUPERIOR TECHNOLOGY Ghani Glass uses the most advanced technology in the industry. The company installed its first state on the art plant in 1993.Later on, the company set-up first Float Glass manufacturing facility in 2003. Since then, they are constantly improving their technology and resultantly, they have been able to mak e quality oriented products and it helped them in becoming a trend setter and market leader. MARKETING STRATEGIES Word of mouth is the most important tool which they have used for the promotion of their products. They have also used billboards and personnel selling tools to promote their products. In nutshell, they were able to position their product as the best in terms of quality through marketing strategy. This also increased their brand equity. SKILLED ENGINEERS HIRED FROM FOREIGN MARKETSIn Pakistan, the education level is backward that has led to lack of availability of skilled labour in the country. Also there is such institution in Pakistan that engineer can be trained to handle the technology. Therefore to overcome this hindrance they have leased employee mainly engineer from foreign market. As compare to their rival their engineer are more skillful and efficient. DEDICATED HUMAN RESOURCE & EMPLOYEES Ghani Glass provides is staffs with three time meal that is breakfast, lun ch and dinner free of cost. It means that they make sure their employee and labors are fit and healthy. It is due to their policy that their labor has become use and hard working. Company makes sure that no labor or employee is ill-treated.They follow strictly the labor fair play which has made the labor and employee devoted to the company. Core Competencies Technology The company is using superior technology as compared to others in market and it has helped them in retaining market leadership status. Dedicated HR The employees are extremely loyal and the company is using strategic tactics to retain their motivation level. For instance, there are no overtimes and each and every employee is given free meals throughout the day. Product Innovation Ghani Glass is leading the industry by innovating round the year and becoming pioneer in every segment of glass industry. Value ambit Financial Ratio TrendsFinancial Ratio Trends Ratios 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Activity Ratio Inventory employee turnover 6. 55 6. 13 5. 67 4. 04 2. 0 Fixed Asset Turnover 1. 86 1. 78 1. 6 1. 45 2. 68 Total Asset Turnover 1. 04 0. 78 0. 79 0. 86 1. 04 Analysis Ghani Glass is the market leader of its industry.It is financially sound with increasing returns and stable inventory control. Following is an in depth analysis of Ghani Glass Ratios LIQUIDITY RATIO Liquidity ratio examines the liquidness position of the company. This means, whether the company has enough liquid or cash or inventory to cope up with its short term liabilities and expenses. The current ratio FY2005 was 2. 9 which is very high. Ghani had a lot of liquid FY2005 which was idle and needed to be invested back in the company, and hence doing so GHANI reduces its current ration to 1. 98 FY2009 which is console very high, but it defines GHANI to be in a strong position with enough liquid to cope with short term liabilities.Quick Ratio describes whether the company is able to pay its short term liabilities without relying on its inventory. GHANI FY2009 has an adequate quick ratio of 1. 05, hence defining GHANI to be in a better position even if it runs short of inventory. Price to earning ratio, though has fallen very hard. It has fallen by 11. 06x in a year. It is due to the conditions that took place in KSE and instable political, economical , law and order situation. Profitability Ratio Ghani has been able to produce good profits and returns for its investors. Ghani has been able to maintain its Gross Profit Margin between 25-30% and Net profit Margin between 15-20%.This explains a balanced business operation that has been able Ghani to maintain this level of profits, despite deteriorating political and economic conditions. Return on uppercase employed has been increasing since 2006. In 2006, the return on capital employed was 12. 06% but now has been increased to 25. 65% which is clearly overwhelming. It clearly shows that Ghani have been successful in pro ducing excellent returns but every penny invested in the company by its investors. This proves Ghani to be a market leader and why Ghani is financially sound. Price to earning ratio, though ,has fallen very hard. It has fallen by 11. 06 xs in a year. It is due to the conditions that took place in KSE and instable political, economical, law and order situation. MATCHING defendSTHE Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix The Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix is another important Stage 2 matching tool of grooming framework. It explains that what is our strategic position and what possible action can be taken. It is not closed matrix. It is prepared on graph. It is closed matrix. This follow counter clock judicious direction. It contains four-quadrant named warring, conservative, defensive, or competitive strategies. The axes of the SPACE Matrix represent two internal dimensions financial strength FS and competitive advantage CA) and two externa l dimensions (environmental stability ES and industry strength IS).These four factors are the most important determinants of an organizations overall strategic position. Financial Strength (FS) Rating 1. Return on investment +4 2. supplement +3 3. Liquidity +3 4. Cash Flow +3 Financial StrengthGhani has a strong Financial Condition with increasing returns and has enough liquidity to cope with its short term liabilities. Industry Strength (IS) Rating 1. surfaceth Potential +4 2. Profit Potential +3 3. Technological know-how +3 4. Financial Stability +3 Industry StrengthThe growth potential of the entire Glass industry has been on the higher side since the demand of glasses in households and offices had taken shape in our businesses and daily lives. Financial stability is quite positive in the industry as Ghani has been performing well along with its competitors who are located in the informal sector of the market. Technology is an important factor here as peopl e get more and more aware of the new technologies coming in the market & their benefits the more they will demand it as influenced by the external as well as internal forces. Profit potential in the industry is quite high as population & demand are ever growing factor. Environmental Stability (ES) Rating 1. Technological Changes -2 2. Barriers to initiation into market -2 3. Competitive Pressure -1 4. Price range of competing products -3 Environmental Stability Barriers to entry are low as Technology required for producing glass is very high. Competitive pressure is low due to only 2 major companies in the Industry. Also price range of competing product is stable in the industry Competitive Advantage Ghani has excellent market share which accounts for 71% in the market.Ghani has a good product quality to cater to its audiences. The industry doesnt necessary has customer loyalty and any customer would be looking for good quality affordable glass irrespective of the producer of the glass. Competitive Advantage (CA) Rating 1. Market Share -1 2. Product Quality -2 3. Customer Loyalty -3 4. Technological know how -1 SPACE MATRIX RESULT x-axis 5 + -2 = 3 y-axis 6 + -3. 25 = 2. 75 4 POSITION COMPETITIVE IV V VI VII VIII IX pic 3 to 4 pic 2 to 2. 99 pic 1 to 1. 99 STRENGTH WEAKNESSES Superior Technology than competitor. Weak R&D related to new product development Team Vigilant Lack of plentiful beat of quality labor Skilled and abreast with knowledge employersNot upgraded training facilities for Labor Ample financial resources to reinvest and grow their business. Better product quality relative to rivals A Widely recognize market leader Strong Distribution channel Dedicated Human resources OPPORTUNITIES Strengths-Opportunities SO Weakness-Opportunities WO Increasing demand of glass products With increasing demand of glass products, With superior technolo gy, better skilled Ghani glass should improve its research and Forward integration (opening retail outlets) employees and increasing demand of glass, development department. (W1 O1) Ghani Glass can pursue product development Ability to grow rapidly because of sharply by producing products such as bowls and Partnering and ventures with regional rising demand in construction of business glass crockery. (O1 S1 S3 S4) conglomerates will bring in skilled labor. arcade in which float glass is the main Ghani should export glass to Afghanistan (S4(O5 W2) ingredient O6) Acquisition of small players such as Prince Ghani should install plant in Iran (S4 O6) Glass which is technologically With ample financial resources, Ghani Glass well-equipped can acquire small businesses in the Partnerships and joint ventures with regionalindustry. (O4 S4) conglomerates in pursuit of globalization Uprising demand in Afghanistan and Iran markets. THREATS S trengths-Threats ST Weakness-Threats WT Gas Load Shedding make up trade promotion as a proactive Ghani R&D should produce new products to Emerging rivals such as Khawaja Glass measure to tongueless emerging rivals. (S4 S5 S6compete with emerging rivals like Khawaja The emergence of substitute products such as T2) Glass. (W1 T2) aluminum and wood Negotiate with the Government to receive Importing of glass from China, Saudi Arab, exemption in Gas Load Shedding. T2 O6) Malaysia and Belgium From the I-E Matrix it can be concluded that Ghani Glass is internally very strong with the IFE of 3. 15 and EFE plodding score of 3. 05 which means that it lies on the first quadrant of the I-E matrix. Company lying on the first quadrant of the matrix are suppose to adopt aggressive strategy. Company which lies on Quadrant I,II or IV are suppose to grow and build. Here Ghani Glass lies in First Quadrant so it should Grow and build its market which means it has to adopt aggressive strategy such as forward integration, Market penetration or product development. IMPLEMENTATION STAGE Q S P M Key Success Factors Weight Market Develop. In Iran & Product Development (Glass Afghanistan Crockery) AS TAS TAS AS Opportunities Increasing demand of glass products 0. 0 4 0. 80 0. 60 3 Forward integration (opening retail 0. 10 outlets) - - 1 0. 0 Ability to grow rapidly because of sharply rising demand in construction of business arcade in which float glass is the main ingredient 3 0. 5 Acquisition of small players such as Prince0. 15 Glass which is technologically well-equipped 3 0. 45 3 0. 45 Partnerships and joint ventures with 0. 05 2 0. 10 2 0. 10 regional conglomerates in pursuit of globalization Uprising demand of Float Glass in 0. 05 Afghanistan and Iran markets. 3 2 0. 10 0. 15 Threats Gas Load Sheddin g 0. 0 - - Emerging rivals such as Khawaja Glass 0. 10 2 0. 20 The emergence of substitute products such 0. 05 - - - - as aluminum and wood Import of Chinese, Saudi, Belgium made and 0. 05 3 0. 15 3 0. 5 Malaysian Float Glass TOTAL 1 Strengths 1. Superior Technology than Rivals 0. 15 3 0. 45 2. Team Vigilant 0. 10 - 3. Skilled and abreast with knowledge 0. 15 3 0. 45 employers 4. Ample financial resources to grow their 0. 10 3 0. 0 business 5. Better product quality relative to 0. 10 - 2 0. 20 rivals 6. A Widely recognize market leader 0. 05 3 0. 15 3 0. 15 7. Strong Distribution channel 0. 05 2 0. 10 3 0. 15 8. Dedicated Human resource 0. 10 3 0. 30 2 0. 0 Weaknesses 9. Weak R&D related to new product 0. 10 - 1 0. 10 development 10. Lack of Abundant quantity of quality 0. 05 1 0. 05 - labor 11. Not upgraded training facilities for 0. 5 - - Labor TOTAL 1 3. 60 2. 35 Interpretation of QSMP After thoroughly analyzing the QSPM scores, it can be concluded that the Market Development in Afghanistan and Iran is much more feasible rather than opting for product development. The pitfall in applying this strategy can the cultural mismatch in the organization.Balanced Business Scorecard picpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpic 1 Fred R. David, Strategic Management Concept and Cases 12th Edition. p. 4 2 Johnson and Scholes, Planning and Strategic Management, 1999. p. 10 2 Fred R. David, Strategic Management 12th edition p. 11 3 Thompson, Strategic Management 13th edition p. 40 5 Fred R. David, Strategic Management 12th edition p. 11 6 Mintzberg 4 Strategic Management by Thompson, 13th edition p. 80 5 Strategic Management by Fred R.David 12th edition p. 73 6 Strategic Management by Fred R. David 12th Edition p. 104 7 Creating and sustaining superior performance by Michael E. Porter Free Press, 1998 (1985) 10 2 1 3 1 10 4 10 1 2 10 1 3 10 1 pic O bjective 1. Continuous training and development 2 Organizational cultures which encourages diversify and development. Measure Create a supportive work environment & corporate culture. Target 1. Increased one-to one contact at all levels 2. Real time communication. 3. Collective decision making Initiative 1. Empowerment. 2. Restructuring of Human Resource department and policies. Learning & Growth InitiativeSimplify procedures and streamline workflows. Target More strategic acquisitions of small players Measure Engineering efficiency, continuous technology adoption Objective To bring continuous improvement in business processes and reduce costs Internal Processes Objective To strengthen relationship with customers. Measure Number of co-operative efforts Target Maximum customer participation and involvement Initiative Increase focus on report services. Customer Objective Increasing profit by 3% in F. Y 2010 Initiative Trade promotions locally and internationally Target Retain Market Domination Measure Strive for an incline in Sales Revenue Financial TOWS Matrix AMMa

The Midwest Solvent Recovery Fire Environmental Sciences Essay

In the instance of the United States v. Midwest Solvent Recovery, I believe that the the suspect ( Midwest Solvent Recovery, Inc. ) was indifferent in the operation of the installations and that the two sites became a public nuisance. First of all, in the class of runing its concern, Midwest Solvent attituded a big figure of membranophones on belongingss next to the Midco 1 site without the permission or presentment of the belongingss proprietors. It was besides a residential country. In add-on, the country 1 was nt guarded and they was nt fenced-in, intending that they did non make frequently to forestall accidents. The membranophones incorporating risky stuff were besides non stored or disposed suitably ( Weinberg, 2006 ) . This is negligent of the suspect because they were neglecting to exert the attention expected of a reasonably prudential individual in such fortunes ( Cornell University Law School, 2011 ) .Then fire of enormous size broke out on Midco 1 and in the class of the wining calendar week ravaged the site. The fire consumed much of the chemical pine stuffs stored in the 1000s of membranophones stacked on the land and on each other. The fire caused the coevals of toxic exhausts and caused a big figure of the 55-gallon membranophones to rocket up to 250 pess in the manner ( Weinberg, 2006 ) . Besides, the toxi merchantmant fuck up penetrated through top dirt, possibly even making H2O tabular arraies. I believe this is a nuisance because it was something unauthorised that became deleterious to the community at big ( Adams, 2006 ) .An injunction to forestall pollution prevents a threatened hurt, preserves the position quo, or restrains the continued committee of an on-going incorrect but can non be used to right a consummated wrong or to break that which has already been done. On the other manus, an injunction that requires remotion of pollution attempts do undo what has already been done. If we evaluate the cost-benefit analysis, it wo uld do more sense to hold a preventive attack as it is less dearly-won and frequently less work/trouble/complicated than to seclude pollution that is already in the air, H2O, and/or dirt ( Mayer, 2007 ) .Besides, in public wellness our end is to forestall diseases because if we merely took action after everyone had diseases, it whitethorn be excessively late for some ( no hope of acquiring better ) . As it is best described an ounce of bar is worth a lb of remedy . This is the same overshadow with the environment. If we do non forestall pollution, so it could make threshold and our wellness could endure. Although there may be ways to take some beginnings of taint, non all taint from the air, dirt, and H2O is possible. It may besides be excessively late to recover what we one time had. This is why we atomic number 18 seeking to take action on planetary thawing effects today before it does excessively much harm to our environment, thus our wellness ( Mayer, 2007 ) .The general responsibility article of the occupational Safety and Health disposal ( OSHA ) has criterions that require employers to take control steps for the dangers of specific jeopardies or operations ( e.g. electricity and confined infinite work ) . However, the authorization who created and wrote the OSHA Torahs understood that it would be infeasible to anticipate and make a criterion for every jeopardy in the body of work. Therefore, they added a subdivision to the jurisprudence necessitating employers to protect against other foreseeable jeopardies non covered by a specific OSHA criterion. This is what they call the aaAGeneral DutyaaA? clause ( McGuire, 2004 ) .For a jeopardy to be covered by the general responsibility clause it must be recognized. Over the old ages, OSHA has issued education letters bespeaking specific jeopardies that could be considered recognized, including nigh notably ergonomic hazards, heat and cold emphasis and workplace force ( Demby, 2009 ) .As earlier, OS HA w palsied find whether a fantastic jeopardy is recognized on a individual footing. But the new Field trading operations Manual clarifies the standard OSHA will utilize to measure ac sack outledgment of jeopardies. More significantly, the standards themselves are highly wide and will do it much easier for OSHA to happen that a jeopardy was recognized ( Demby, 2009 ) .A temporal salutaryty informations sheet ( MSDS ) is a signifier with informations sing the belongingss of a peculiar substance. It provide workers and exigency forces with processs for managing or work with that substance in a safe mode, and includes information such as physical informations ( brassy point, runing point, boiling point, etc. ) , toxicity, wellness effects, foremost pay heedance, responsiveness, storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill-handling processs. MSDS formats can change from beginning to beginning in spite of appearance a state depending on national demands. The MSDS besides pr ovide instructions on proper substance usage, therefore supplying utile hazard communication and ways to attend forestall workplace hurts ( U.S. Department of Labor, 2010 ) .Because of the earnestness of these safety and wellness jobs, and because many employers and employees know teentsy or nil about them, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) issued the Hazard Communication Standard. The basic end of the criterion is to be certain employers and employees know about work jeopardies and how to protect themselves this should assist to cut down the incidence of chemical beginning unwellness and hurts. The Hazard Communication Standard establishes unvarying demands to do certain that the jeopardies of all chemicals imported into, produced, or used in U.S. workplaces are evaluated, and that this jeopardy information is transmitted to affected employers and exposed employees via MSDS ( U.S. Department of Labor, 1998 ) .A material safety informations sheet ( MSDS ) is a signifier with informations sing the belongingss of a peculiar substance. It provide workers and exigency forces with processs for managing or working with that substance in a safe mode, and includes information such as physical informations ( brassy point, runing point, boiling point, etc. ) , toxicity, wellness effects, foremost assistance, responsiveness, storage, disposal, protective equipment, and spill-handling processs. MSDS formats can change from beginning to beginning within a state depending on national demands. The MSDS besides provide instructions on proper substance usage, therefore supplying utile hazard communicating and ways to assist forestall workplace hurts ( U.S. Department of Labor, 2010 ) .Because of the earnestness of these safety and wellness jobs, and because many employers and employees know small or nil about them, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA ) issued the Hazard Communication Standard. The basic end of the criterion is to be certain employers and employees know about work jeopardies and how to protect themselves this should assist to cut down the incidence of chemical beginning unwellness and hurts. The Hazard Communication Standard establishes unvarying demands to do certain that the jeopardies of all chemicals imported into, produced, or used in U.S. workplaces are evaluated, and that this jeopardy information is transmitted to affected employers and exposed employees via MSDS ( U.S. Department of Labor, 1998 ) .Despite the name, the Superfund trust fund lacks sufficient financess to clean up even a little figure of the sites on the National Priorities List ( NPL ) . As a consequence, the authorities will typically order potentially accountable fellowship ( PRPs ) to clean up the site themselves. If a companionship fails to follow with such an order, it may be fined up to $ 25,000 for each twenty-four hours that non-compliance continues. A party that spends money to clean up a site may actio n certain other PRPs under the CERCLA. A related proviso allows a party that has reimbursed another party s response costs to seek part from other PRPs, during or after the original case. An orphan portion is the portion of waste at a Superfund site that can non be collected because the PRP is either unidentifiable or insolvent ( Weinberg, 2006 ) .Although the reply to this hebdomad s treatment interrogation can convey up controversial argument, I believe that it s just that the exercising of due attention is non considered a defence in Superfund. If soul by determine contaminates an country with risky waste, it should be their duty to clean-up their muss, whether or non care was taken to forestall this accident. By making so, it teaches people that they destiny to take duty for their actions and should guarantee that preventive steps are taken to guarantee to no accidents occur in the first topographic point. It s the same rule as having a Canis familiaris. The Canis familiar is may be fenced-in the backyard, but if that Canis familiaris someway digs a hole under the fencing and does ill-treat to the neighbour s pace, it s still the proprietor s duty to take attention of that Canis familiaris and to repair what the Canis familiaris damaged ( apt ) , contempt that steps were put into topographic point to forestall this.In add-on, the costs associated with the killing of risky stuffs should non come out of guiltless taxpayers pockets because finally, they are nt the 1s managing the risky waste and have nt do the accident. The 1s that are responsible should pay the monetary value for their errors ( Weinberg, 2006 ) .Sick construction causes are often pinned down to blemish in the warming, airing, and air conditioning ( HVAC ) systems. Other causes have been attributed to contaminations produced by outgassing of some types of edifice stuffs, volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) , casts, improper fumes airing of ozone ( by-product of some office machinery ) , vindicated industrial chemicals used within, or deficiency of equal fresh-air intake/air filtration ( Sick Building Syndrome and interior clime control, n.d. ) .Some edifice proprietors view ill edifice syndrome as the fact that many people compensationl better when they are non at work. However, if more than 20 % of edifice residents complain of symptoms such as centripetal annoyance of the eyes, nose, pharynx neurotoxic or general wellness jobs clamber annoyance nonspecific hypersensitivity reactions and olfactory property and gustatory sensation esthesiss, it is considered as Sick Building Syndrome ( SBS ) ( Lawrence, 2002 ) . Several ill residents may describe person symptoms which do non look to be connected. The key to find is the increased incidence of unwellnesss in general with oncoming or aggravation within a reasonably close clip frame, commonly within a period of hebdomads. In most instances, SBS symptoms will be relieved shortly after the residents leave the p eculiar room or zone. However, there can be lingering effects of versatile neurolysins, which may non unclutter up when the resident leaves the edifice. Particularly in sensitive persons there can be long-run wellness effects ( EPA, 2011 ) .The ordinances by OSHA are intended to turn to indoor air quality in indoor work environments and besides try to command environmental baccy fume. The ordinances are of peculiar involvement because they are directed at landlords and renters likewise. Specifically, an employer is defined under the ordinance to include edifice proprietors and leaseholders who control airing or care of premises where employees of other employers work. In cases where there are multiple employers/lessees within a individual edifice, the ordinances contemplate a sharing of duty. OSHA specifically states in its remarks on the proposed ordinances that where there is a multi-employer work site, it is contemplated that the affected employers will split up the duties in the mode in which they make the most sense ( EPA, 2011 )There are more than 100,000 know species of cast, some of which can do respiratory jobs, skin/nose/throat annoyance, sinus congestion, chronic weariness, and oculus annoyance to call a few. Many place and workplace related complaints are now being attributed entirely or in portion to model. The dangers are potentially fatal to babies and persons with weak immune systems ( EPA, 2010 ) . mould is most likely to turn where there is H2O or moistness. Preventing mold taint before it starts is best because the undertaking of decontamination could be overpowering. The four primary activities to assist forestall the spread of cast toxins are1. Excess wet falloff2. Dust control3. Ventilation and control of toxins4. Education ( Lawrence, 2002 )In general the EPA does non bid trying unless an resident of the infinite is diagnostic. When sampling is necessary it should be performed by a trained professional who has specific experience in planing mold-sampling protocols, trying methods, and the reading of findings. The most common signifier of trying to measure the degree of cast. Sampling of the interior and out-of-door air is conducted and the consequences to the degree of cast spores inside the premises and exterior are compared. Often, air trying will supply positive designation of the being of non-visible cast ( EPA, 2010 ) .Of class the first measure in work sashay an indoor cast job is halting the beginning of wet. Next is to take the mold growing. Common remedies for little happenings of mold include* Sunlight* Ventilation* Non-porous edifice stuffs* Household cleansing agents ( EPA, 2011 )As a general regulation, merely killing the cast with a biocide is non plenty. The cast must be removed since the chemicals and proteins, which cause a reaction in worlds, are still present even in dead cast ( Maine Indoor Air Quality Council, 2010 ) .I believe that the proposed indoor air criterion was neer put into c onsequence because since the proposal was issued, many provinces and local authoritiess and private employers have taken action to restrict smoke in public countries and in workplaces. In add-on, the part of the proposal non related to environmental baccy smoke received small attending during the rulemaking proceedings, and much of that consisted of commenters naming into interrogation important parts of the proposal. As a consequence, record grounds back uping the non-environmental baccy smoke part of the proposal is thin ( EPA, 2011 ) .In peculiar a licence may be issued by governments, to let or restrict an activity that would otherwise be forbidden. It may necessitate paying a fee and/or turn outing a capableness. The demand may besides function to maintain the governments informed on a type of activity, and to give them the chance to put conditions and restrictions ( Burton and Sanjour, 1970 ) .Emissions trading is an attack used to command pollution by supplying economic indu cements for accomplishing accrues in the emanations of pollutants. The overall end of an emanations trading program is to belittle the cost of run intoing a set emanations mark. The cap is an enforceable bound on emanations that is normally lowered over clip, taking towards a national emanations decrease mark. In other systems a part of all traded assign must be retired, doing a net decrease in emanations each clip a trade occurs. In many cap-and-trade systems, organisations which do non foul may besides take part, therefore environmental groups can buy and retire allowances or credits and therefore drive up the monetary value of the balance harmonizing to the jurisprudence of demand ( Environment, Climate Change & A Water, 2011 ) .A cardinal authorization ( normally a governmental organic structure ) sets a bound or cap on the sum of a pollutant that can be emitted. The bound or cap is allocated or sold to houses in the signifier of emanations licenses which represent the right to breathe or dispatch a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Firms are required to keep a figure of licenses ( or carbon credits ) equivalent to their emanations. The entire figure of licenses can non transcend the cap, restricting entire emanations to that degree. Firms that need to increase their emanation permits must purchase licenses from those who require fewer licenses. The transportation of licenses is referred to as a trade ( EPA, 2003 ) . In consequence, the purchaser is paying a ride for fouling, while the marketer is being rewarded for holding reduced emanations. Therefore, in theory, those who can cut down emanations most cheaply will make so, accomplishing the pollution decrease at the lowest cost to society ( Environment, Climate Change & A Water, 2011 ) .

Infant Observation Essay

It is 830am when Dj wakes up, as he is waking up he is axial motion around in his waking up he is rolling around in his vexs bed stretching and babbling, a mixture of mama and dada with a high pitch scream as loud as he can, his mother says hey sleepy train good morning, Dj turns over sits up on his knees pull a faces at her then he go backwards back onto the pillow babbling once again. Mom yells out pamper change Dj continues to babble, mom grabs him lays him down in front of her, as she is changing his pamper he is turning over, putting his hands down trying to grabs/touch his private part, by and by mom says no-no he starts rolling over again trying to get up and get off the bed.It is 905am and Dj is done getting his pamper change, so his mother puts him down on the ditch in hallway, then she closes the doors to the other agencys and to the bathroom. Dj is still sitting in the hallway on the floor looking around and at the bookcases that ar in the hallway, he rolls on h is tummy to get on his hands and knees to crawls over to the bookcase before he gets to the bookcase his mother runs to grab the vases the are on the fag end shelf of the book case and sits them up higher Dj looks up to watch, he when he profites the book case he pulls himself up, now he is stand there banging on the shelf screaming and babbling while looking in the mirror that is behind the bookcase.He has been standing there for triplet minutes, and then he gets down and crawls into the living room, when he reaches the living room he sees his old brother and sister sitting on the floor ceremonial TV. When they noticed him the started saying good morning Dj, hey man-man, DJ smiles and starts crawling fast with head down toward them, as he reaches them he grabs his sisters shirt to pull himself up, as he is doing that he is screaming, then his brother started saying aww mommy he stepping on me, Dj starts screaming with a smile on his face while turning his head around to see i f his mother is looking at them.While Dj is standing there he is pulling down on his sisters shirt swinging his arm at his brothers head trying to hit him who egg laying down next to them. Ten minutes goes by as Dj is still playing, suddenly he stopped playing because the catches his attention it was Mickey swipe club house, he stands there watching TV for fifteen minutes. The time is now 1030am when mom yells out breakfast, everyone gets up a runs to the kitchen, Dj watches as everyone go into the kitchen then he started to crawl that way until his mother called his name and said eat-eat as she was walking toward him to a chair he was crawling conduct to sit in.Dj is now standing up holding on to his mother knees rocking back and forth humming with food in his mouth hell crawl away and come back for another bite of his pancake he continued to do this until his food was gone. After everybody finished eating the older siblings went into their play room, Dj dropped down to the floor to see where they went then he followed them. I followed him through the hallway pass the book case and into the play room, after he goes into the room he goes straight to the toddler chair to pull himself up, after he stands up he starts to scream and look around the room and reaching for his brothers face swinging his arm again.Dj saw his sister sitting in the chair next to him playing a handheld game, he steps around the chair he was holding on to and steps to the other chair where his sister was sitting, he reached his hand on to touch her game when she said no Dj. He continued to reach she continued to say stop and no. Dj reaches his arm out to reach for the bed that was behind the chair he was holding on too, after he grabs the bed he walks along side of it to go to the nightstand at the end, he pulls the top drawer open to find the clothes that were in it, all of a sudden he starts scream as he is turning his head to look around the room as he pulling the clothes out and thr owing them on the floor at the same time.After the drawer is modify Dj hears his name being called so he turns his head around to see who was calling him, when he turned around he saw his mother standing in the doorway saying no-no you busy little baby, he looks at her smiled and dropped down to the floor and started crawling to her with a smile on his face, when he reached her he grabbed her pants pulled himself up, then started playing by pushing her backwards, after two-three steps mom picks him up and walks away to change his pamper.

Community Teaching Plan: Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal Essay

The RN to BSN program at Grand Canyon University meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by the instruction on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect carefulness experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities.Applying what you have learned so far, develop a community teaching proposal designed to address the needs of your community.Select one of the following as the focus for the teaching excogitationPrimary Prevention/Health PromotionSecondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable PopulationBioterrorism/DisasterEnvironmental IssuesComplete the Community program line Work Plan Proposal. This will help you organize your designing and create an outline for the written assignm ent.After completing the teaching proposal, review the teaching plan with a community health and public health provider in your local community. Request feedback (strengths and opportunities for improvement) from the provider. Complete the Community Teaching Experience form.While APA coif is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, dictated in the Student Success Center.This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment therefore, students should review the rubric front to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin, unless otherwise directed by your instructor. If so directed, refer to the Student Success Cente r for directions. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.