Cadmium Facts - Periodic Table

Cadmium Facts - Periodic Table Cadmium Atomic Number 48 Cadmium Symbol Cd Cadmium Atomic Weight 112.411 Cadmium Discovery Fredrich Stromeyer 1817 (Germany) Electron Configuration [Kr] 4d10 5s2 Word Origin Latin cadmia, Greek kadmeia - ancient name for calamine, zinc carbonate. Cadmium was first discovered by Stromeyer as an impurity in zinc carbonate. Properties admium has a melting point of 320.9Â °C, boiling point of 765Â °C, spcific gravity of 8.65 (20Â °C), and a valence of 2. Cadmium is a blue-white metal soft enough to be easily cut with a knife. Uses Cadmium is used in alloys with low melting points. It is a component of bearing alloys to given them a low coefficient of friction and resistance to fatigue. Most cadium is used for electroplating. It is also used for many types of solder, for NiCd batteries, and to control atomic fission reactions. Cadmium compounds are used for black and white television phosphors and in the green and blue phosphors for color television tubes. Cadmium salts have wide application. Cadmium sulfide is used as a yellow pigment. Cadmium and its compounds are toxic. Sources Cadmium is most commonly found in small quantities associated with zinc ores (e.g., sphalerite ZnS). The mineral greenockite (CdS) is another source of cadmium. Cadmium is obtained as a by-product during treatment of zinc, lead, and copper ores. Element Classification Transition Metal Density (g/cc) 8.65 Melting Point (K) 594.1 Boiling Point (K) 1038 Appearance soft, malleable, blue-white metal Atomic Radius (pm) 154 Atomic Volume (cc/mol) 13.1 Covalent Radius (pm) 148 Ionic Radius 97 (2e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol) 0.232 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol) 6.11 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol) 59.1 Debye Temperature (K) 120.00 Pauling Negativity Number 1.69 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol) 867.2 Oxidation States 2 Lattice Structure Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…) 2.980 Lattice C/A Ratio 1.886 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table Chemistry Encyclopedia

John Kasich Bio - 2016 Presidential Candidate

John Kasich Bio - 2016 Presidential Candidate John Kasich is a career politician who served as a state legislator, member of the U.S. House of Representatives and governor of Ohio. He is seeking the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 election and, though considered an underdog to both Ted Cruz and Donald Trump, is one of the three remaining candidates in the primary race.   Related Story: What is Election Day? Kasich sought the presidency once before, in the 2000 election, and referred to himself as the Jolt Cola - a highly caffeinated soft drink  -   of that years field of Republican candidates because of his high-energy style and penchant for wearing sneakers to work. But he later withdrew from the primary race. Political Career   Kasichs political career includes positions in both state and federal government. Heres a timeline: 1975 to 1977: Served as administrative assistant in the Ohio state Senate. 1979 to 1983: Elected to the Ohio state legislature at age 26 and served one four-year term in the state Senate. 1983 to 2001: Election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982 and served nine two-year terms. During his tenure in the House and served as chairman of the Committee on the Budget. Kasich retired from the House to reinvent himself. You got to know when to hold em, you got to know when to fold em, and you got to know when to renew yourself, he said at the time. 1999: Briefly sought the Republican nomination for president before dropping out and endorsing eventual nominee and 2000 election winner George W. Bush. The problem was last time that I had this jet airplane ready to take off but I didnt have any gas for it. It never got into the air, Kasich later told CNN. 2011 to present: Governor of Ohio, serving his second four-year term. July 2015 to present: Seeking the Republican nomination for president in 2016. Professional Career Kasich worked in private finance after leaving Congress in January 2001. He worked as a  managing director in the Investment Banking Division of Lehman Brothers. He was appeared as a political commentator on FOX News. Kasich is the author of three books: Courage is Contagious; Stand for Something: The Battle for America’s Soul; and Every Other Monday. Related Story: 5 Presidents Who Wrote Books Before Being Elected Campaign for President in 2016 Kasich, though a career politician, sought to appeal to voters who prefer outsiders. He has repeatedly claimed Washington knows little about solving the countrys problems. I think we ought to run the country from the bottom up rather than the top down, he says. He began his campaign for president as an extreme long shot in a field of 16 candidates, including former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, who at one time was considered the front-runner for the nomination. But most of the candidates ran out of money, enthusiasm or patience with voters who propelled Trump toward the nomination amid an anti-establishment fervor in the primaries. By March 2016, it was a three-man race, and Kasich was portraying himself as the common-sense, or more moderate, conservative to Cruz, who suggested impeaching Democratic President Barack Obama would be legitimate, and Trump, whose political philosophies perplexed many in both major parties. Kasich was also seen as having the most experience of any of the candidates, given his work in the statehouse and in Congress. Democrats, however, point out that Kasich is solidly opposed to abortion rights. States his campaign: During his 18 years in Congress, John Kasich consistently opposed federal funding of abortion and voted to ban partial-birth abortions. As Governor of Ohio, he has enacted more measures to protect unborn children than any other governor in the history of the state, including bans on late-term abortions and bans on elective abortions in public hospitals. Related Story: The 2016 Field of Republicans Was the Largest in 100 Years Many in the Republican establishment became upset with Kasich, however, over his refusal to drop out of the Republican primaries even after it became clear he could not win enough delegates to secure the presidential nomination. Critics believed Kasich was undermining Republican U.S. Sen. Ted Cruzs ability to stop presumptive nominee Donald Trumps march to victory in the primaries by splitting the anti-Trump vote two ways.    One of the most notable efforts to persuade Kasich to abandon his bid for the nomination, or to persuade voters to abandon him, came from the conservative anti-tax group Club for Growth. The group spent $1 million on a television ad attacking Kasich. The ad, titled Math, points out Kasich couldnt win the nomination and went on to claim his candidacy was fueling Trumps success. If you dont want Donald Trump to win, your choice comes down to this: math. Only Ted Cruz can beat Donald Trump. John Kasich cant do it. The math wont work. A vote for Kasich actually helps Trump by dividing the opposition. Its time to put differences aside. To stop Trump, vote for Cruz. Kasich, however, maintained that he could win the nomination by blocking Trump from securing the necessary delegates before the Republican National Convention in Cleveland, Ohio, and by appealing to mainstream members of the party at a contested, or brokered, convention. As crazy as this year is - theres no one here who would say this isn’t nuts - can you think about anything cooler than a [contested] convention?† Kasich argued at the  Conservative Political Action Conference in March of 2016. Nonetheless, the strategy was considered the longest of long shots and angered members of the Republican establishment who were trying to stop Trump. Key Issues Kasich made  job creation, health care and student debt key components of his campaign and attempted to set himself apart from the other Republican candidates by portraying America as still being great. The sun is rising, and the sun is going to rise to the zenith in America again, I promise you, Kasich said in announcing his candidacy in July 2015. His campaign has focused more on economic issues, rather than social issues such as gay marriage, where he appears to be far more moderate than most Republican presidential candidates. While stressing he believes in traditional marriage between a man and woman, Kasich has also said: Because somebody doesn’t think the way I do doesn’t mean that I can’t care about them or I can’t love them ... Issues like that are planted to divide us ... We need to give everybody a chance, treat everybody with respect, and let them share in this great American dream that we have. Political Accomplishments As governor of Ohio, Kasich takes credit for eliminating projected state budget shortfalls  - including an $8 billion projected deficit  - while reducing taxes since taking office in 2011. He promotes his efforts to cut wasteful spending and eliminate government red tape. He also takes credit for  Ohios â€Å"stable† credit outlook among the major ratings agencies. I took the state of Ohio from an $8 billion hole †¦ to a $2 billion surplus, Kasich was fond of saying on the 2016 campaign trail. He claims his administration was also responsible for the creation of  350,000 jobs and issuing the largest statewide tax cuts in history, totaling $5 billion. Education Kasich attended public schools in Ohio and earned a bachelor of arts degree in political science from  Ohio State University in 1974.   Personal Life John Richard Kasich was born in  McKees Rocks, a small borough near Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, on  May 13, 1952. He is the oldest of three children. He considered becoming a Catholic priest before entering politics. Kasich lives in  Westerville, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus. He is married to Karen Waldbillig Kasich. The couple have twin daughters, Emma and Reese. How You Pronounce Kasich Kasichs last name is often mispronounced. The ch is hard at the end of his last name, meaning Kasich rhymes with basic.

Innovation and Technology Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Innovation and Technology Management - Essay Example Compared to recent decades, the current business environment has become highly dynamic and unpredictable. It has customers that are highly demanding and operate in a highly competitive environment. In order to counter these challenges, businesses have been developing new products and services the offer better experiences for its respective consumers. It is important to realize that the success of a business depends on a multiplicity of factors, besides human resource management, technology and innovations (Kleinman 2009, 13). This paper examines the importance of innovation and technology in businesses with emphasis on how these two processes have influenced the success of Apple, a company that has been known for its success in the design and sale of various consumer technologies. Businesses are started with an aim of achieving the set goals and objectives. In this case, the owners and managers have to be creative and devise strategies that can enable them to produce and distribute their goods to their identified markets in the most effective way. Many successful businesses in the world have been founded on carefully developed strategies and approaches that understand the market needs of the people. One of the ways of managing this is having a market research, which is essential in providing information on competitor strategies and the various ways in which the business can satisfy the needs of its market (Thompson 2008, 65). Developing market-oriented products and services is important for the business in order to avoid wastages in the production and distribution of its goods and services. Human resource management is critical in the success of businesses since, it empowers human capital in the business to develop policies and strategies to increase the business’ competitive advantage and market position. Human resource management involves the processes concerned with recruitment, hiring and development of business employees to make it

The Consumer decision making process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Consumer decision making process - Essay Example The various aspects of the Consumer Decision Making process are analysed in this paper. Reference is also made to the potential challenges that this process can set for marketers. It should be noted that a particular case has been used as an example for understanding the various phases of the process: if an individual would have to decide to buy a newspaper would he use different criteria, in the context of the above process, than if he would have to decide to buy a house? In the context of the first phase of the CDMP, the needs of the consumer in the particular point of time have to be identified (Varey 2002, p.56). In the question under examination, the potential buyer of a newspaper will realize his need to buy the newspaper; in the same context, the potential buyer of a house will realize his need to buy a house. After realizing the need for buying a product/ service, the consumer has to start searching for the particular product/ service (Burrow & Bosiljevac 2011, p.106). In practice, the above phase can be understood through the following example: the individual who is interested in buying a newspaper needs to search for a newspapers stand. An individual who is interested in buying a house has to visit a real estate agent or start checking advertisements for houses. In this phase of the process, ‘the alternatives available are evaluated’ (Burrow & Bosiljevac 2011, p.106). At this level, it is possible for a consumer to use different criteria for his buying decisions when different needs are in place (Varey 2002, p.56); for example, for buying a newspaper a criterion of quality/ content and price will be used. For buying a house price can be a leading criterion, depending on the financial status of the buyer. In the case of the house its ability to keep its quality standardized in the long term can be also a priority, according to the criteria set by the buyer. In this phase, the consumer needs to purchase the product/ service

Crime Prevention Essay Example for Free

Crime Prevention Essay Abstract Crime prevention has become a major issue in our Nation. In our text we have learned that in the early 1990’s President Bill Clinton had passed a bill that hired 100,000 police officers as a result of the Violent Crime Control Act (Worrall, 2008). The hiring of all the police officers looked as if was going to make a huge impact across the nation. With the rate of crime going up across the world crime prevention is really needed. Communities and police officers need to come together to help preserve our neighborhoods. This is the best form of crime prevention. In this paper I am going to discuss the relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System. I am also going to give my definition of what is crime prevention. I will also discuss two or more institutions through which crime prevention programs and practices are delivered and try to give some examples. Crime Prevention Crime prevention can be defined in several ways. My definition of crime prevention is stopping crime and protecting our neighborhoods. If the community and the police work together they can reduce crime over time drastically. Crime is increasing in neighborhoods, so, crime prevention should increase as well. The relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System has several purposes. Crime prevention has the main purpose of protecting the community and the people that live in them. â€Å"Crime prevention and the Criminal Justice System have two main goals: to lessen the human and material cost and its impact on socioeconomics development and to formulate international standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice and promote their observance (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2013).† In the relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System the police have several objectives. The police objectives are to prevent and control conduct threatening the life or property including serious crimes. Police also help and protect victims who have been physically abused (Plant and Scott, 2009). They also stop and arrest drunken drivers which help and protect the community. When police make drug bust in which the community helps with tips or make arrest on repeat offenders this type of crime prevention is key in the relationship with the Criminal Justice System. Police are used as mediators and negotiators to resolve domestic disturbances or hostage situations (Plant and Scott, 2009). Police are also trying to find ways to protect the youth of today from following in the same footsteps as the criminals that they deal with on a day to day basis. Police are trying to do everything that they can to stop trafficking of persons and drugs throughout our nation and help keep our youth stay out of the criminal justice system. Crime prevention and the Criminal Justice System go hand in hand with the reduction of crime. There are many institutions through which crime prevention programs and practices are delivered. Most of the programs are built around habitual offenders and youths from the 5 to 18 years of age. One program that they have for repeat offenders is the Circle of Support and Accountability (COSA). This program targets young to adult males that have been tried and convicted of a sexual crime, did not get early release, and are at serious risk of reoffending (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). COSA has up to seven but no less than four volunteers that help the offenders reengage back to a normal life in their community. The volunteers also hold the offenders accountable for their actions. COSA’s main goals are to help the offenders through their difficulties and emergencies, hold them accountable for their behavior and attitudes, to be advocates for treatment with the providers, comm unity groups, the police agencies and any other professionals in the community, mediate with the community to answer their concerns, and to help them celebrate their success of treatment and their anniversaries (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). Another program that is used as a crime prevention program is the Boy and Girls Clubs of America. This program targets young children and teens from five years of age to eighteen. This also targets kids in high risk and drug infested communities. The Boys and Girls Club gives kids in the community a safe place to go after school and in the summer. This organization keeps kids and teens out of trouble. Teens that have dropped out of school are given an opportunity to get their GED through programs provided by the Boys and Girls Club (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). The Boys and Girls Club gives children a place to go when their parents are working late and gives parents a sense of relief because they know that their child is in a safe environment. The Boys and Girls Club provides kids with meals and snacks, a place to do their homework, a place to play sports, and a place to feel safe (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). The Clubs offer programming in four main areas. The areas are leadership; growth and empowerment, physical activity; health and safety, learning and career development, and community services. It also operates under five values. The values are inclusion and opportunities, respect and belonging, empowerment, collaboration, and speaking out (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). As you can see that empowerment is a major part of the Boys and Girls Club. Showing kids that they matter and that they have worth gives the kids a boost in their confidence and self-esteem. These are just two organizations that help and focus on making someone’s life better. There are many more out there that can help in particular fields of rehabilitation and kid safety. Crime prevention and the Criminal Justice System are needed though out our nation. Police are doing all they can to make the communities safe. It is time for the community to help the police and get rid of the â€Å"no snitching po licy.† The youth of today have so many things that can cause them to turn to a life of crime and it is up to parents, police, and other government officials to protect them. There are a large number of organizations that are out there that can help youths, teens, and adults to become better members of society. When a criminal is released back into society they should find one of these organizations to help them get acclimated with the community that they are moving into. The Criminal Justice System and crime prevention goes hand in hand but is not the only way to turn young adults away from crime. The responsibility is the parents to guide and protect the kids from the dangers of the world. The Criminal Justice System is full enough with young men and women, let’s try and stop the number from getting bigger. References Encyclopedia of the Nations (2013) retrieved from: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/United-Nations/Social-and-Humanitarian-Assistance-CRIME-PREVENTION-AND-CRIMINAL-JUSTICE.html National Crime Prevention Centre (2008) retrieved from:

Marriage and Divorce - Women and the High Cost of Divorce Essay example

Women and the High Cost of Divorce Divorce is commonly recognized as a major problem in our society. Every year there are more divorces in our country and many studies have been dedicated to finding out why. Much media attention has been paid to the court proceedings or the causes leading up to the divorce, but once the matter has lost public appeal, all coverage is dropped. Because of this, there is much that the average citizen does not know about the short-term and long-term effects of divorce. This paper examines the economic effects on all the parties involved and the discrimination in the process of divorce. While divorce was once a relatively rare event, and one to which negative stereotype was attached, it has now become almost as regular as cloudy skies in Binghamton, NY. For the past two decades there have been more than one million divorces per year in the United States and this number is steadily rising (Arendell, 1986). There are several historical factors contributing to this trend. After WWII the service sector of the economy underwent a huge expansion, increasing the demand for women workers. As wages rose, more and more women joined the work force. This increase was often motivated by the fact that it was becoming increasingly more difficult to maintain a household on the strength of only one income. While in 1940 just under 15% of women worked outside the home, workforce participation by females increased to the point by 1960 that 32% of the workers were female. This number soared to 47% by 1992 (Kurz, 1995). This increasing labor force participation led to grea ter chances for self-sufficiency and made it more feasible for women to contemplate divorce. Also, these same incr... ...ionships. Either increased public assistance must be provided, or the father, or absentee parent, must be forced to take a more vested interest in the welfare of their children. Â   Works Cited Arendell, Terry. Mothers and Divorce, Legal Economic and Social Dilemmas. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. Kurz, Demie. For Richer, For Poorer, Mothers Confront Divorce. London: Routledge, 1995. Mason, Mary Ann. The Equality Trap. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988. Morgan, Leslie A. After Marriage Ends, Economic Consequences for Midlife Women. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1991. Peterson, Richard R. Women, Work, and Divorce. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989. Weitzman, Lenore J. The Divorce Revolution, The Unexpected Social and Economic Consequences for Women and Children in America. New York: The Free Press, 1985.

Judgment and Decision-Making

After making this decision if any bloomer is investigated than he tries to defend himself and target others. The top authority do not want to take the duty of wrong decision on himself but want to blame on others and make this mortal decision as a result of a radical decision. This type of concept is called â€Å"Looking Up and Looking Around† (LULL). This is not the case of deficiency or lack of experience of a decision maker but only because of frighten of an unsuccessful person this mortal decision becomes the result of radical decision.In any form of organization if important decision is to be taken, then it is good to have ore number of people so that if any bloomer is investigated than it is divided among all & it makes easier to find the base of the mistakes committed. There are many types of blames which involves the conveyance of one to other. First of all there are some guys called â€Å"Fall Guys† who takes the blame or responsibility of failure decision on t hemselves. Secondly, there are some people called â€Å"Escape-Goat† which are binge out from the organization for not deserving the blame.When a person is hired & he does not know that the person who was there previously in his lace had made mistake & his mistake is blamed on him. After looking at all of this â€Å"Jackal† says that the key concept is to make effort to protect yourself & try to protect the other group from suffer of the blame instead of accepting the bloomer perpetrated. Practical Experience In February I got a Job in DHAL warehouse where my work was to do receiving and pick packing. After two months there was a barbeques and dance party for all the employees of DHAL including Head of the Department.Work was divided among each person and in the end all came with their budget and expense and the expense was ore than the budget. All the excess expense were paid by the committee member and in the end when rap time came all were mum and they started incri minating to our new general manager. He bends out to be a â€Å"Fall Guy'. After that the whole committee member checked the account details and fund for the last year and came to know that the previous manager took out some money from the fund and commence us with a few embark on money.This is the complete illustration of Article 2 frames'. The article analyses the cognitive as well as psychophysical factors which help in ending out the value of the risky prospects. This article mainly challenges both theoretically as well as empirically the classical utility theory. This article presents how managers or rather human beings behave in real economic situations. In this article a systematic approach towards risky choices which helps in deriving several hypotheses for psychophysical analysis of various reactions towards probability as well as money have been discussed.By choosing risk aversion and Bernoulli (1954) essay the authors have tried to explain why most people are usually fou nd to be verse towards risk and why the degree of risk aversion lessens with rising wealth. In order to tackle the normative issues the author shifts focus from psychology to the decision theory. According to the Modern Decision Theory the risky prospects are being characterized by the probable results as well as the probabilities of all the results.The standard economic model suggests that all the human beings depict a very stable â€Å"utility curve† which is being implied by their choices but this article attacks directly on the axiom of extensionally. Therefore it is proposed in this article hat alternative framings need systematic examination which presents a helpful and highly beneficial reflective device which can easily be of advantage for the decision makers to assess all the values, attached with the primary as well as secondary consequences of their choices.The article specifies that mostly stability results because of loss aversion instead of change. Therefore bot h loss aversion as well as effects of consequent endowment is very unlikely to play very insignificant role in the economic exchanges which take place every day or in routine. Thus finally it explains he difference between the experience value and the decision value. The decision theory does not provide major distinction between the two because it is mostly assumed that the decision values and experience values are coinciding with each other (Keenan and Thieves, 1984).Practical Experience In India when I was doing Bachelors my friends were playing a cricket betting on the internet and were earning a lot, so I talked to my friend and ask him how to play. He told me and I was eager to play the cricket betting. After few days there was a cricket match between India and Pakistan I decided to bet against India. At that time it was like if India wins you will get double money and for Pakistan you will get four times the money you invest. I was having $1000, so I thought to invest $100 I. E.I was thinking to be risk aversion rather than risk seeking because I was betting for the first time. After the match got finish India won and I got $200. But if I would have played $200 for India and $100 for Pakistan then I would have earned more in playing risk seeking than playing as risk aversion. Article 3 Abstract: Reading 3. 3, Fischer, B. , Slavic, P. Ad Liechtenstein, S. (1980), ‘Knowing what twine those people who hold values with those people who elicit values. In this research Values' mean all the evaluative Judgments which are either absolute worth or relative or desirability of the possible events.Central to the process of psychophysics value is the finding that it is difficult to presume the effective stimulus rather it should be discovered. This article brings together a diverse collection of effects like ‘irrelevant† context effects, response mode, stimulus presentation and organism in order to facilitate the appreciation of the limit up to whic h the apparent alee of people are influenced by elicit, to give a tentative organization of outcomes along with the contexts in which these might come up and to explicate the effects of these outcomes.Thus this article explains the labile nature of expressed values and any kind of subtle changes in the elicitation mode is supposed to bring in highly visible effects on the preferences which are mentioned by people. Some impacts are reversible while other are not, some effects lead to deepening of the perspective of respondents while others do not; some impacts are deliberately brought about, while there are not; some impacts are very highly specific to the questions of value, while others Just impact all the kinds of Judgments; some are well documented, while others are simple speculations.If one wants to elicit these values one needs to confront these effects which cannot be avoided. The best way to have an interaction with our respondents and also to help them in making value Judgm ents which are in their best of interest is to provide them with better and newer analytical tools. These tools are very helpful in changing the respondents by deepening their perspectives. The main aim of this article is to deliver the message to consider multiple perspectives while decision-making (Fishhook, Slavic and Liechtenstein, 1980).Once my father wants to invest in his new business at that time I was doing ABA in India, so he asked me how I should proceed. He wanted to start Retail store of Grocery. So first of all he made a team of employee who will work in that grocery store. Before that he hired one elicit and put his project besides him. His values were not well defined and were not realistic, so it was difficult for elicit to make his decision. Because of his value were not properly defined it was also difficult for his employee to work in the store.So in the end his business was not up to the mark and he ended up with a loss. By this example I Just want to say that y our values should be realistic and it should be related to the previous environment so that you end up with a good conclusion. Article 4 Abstract: Reading 5. 1 . Zimmermann, H. (1983) ‘The two camps on rationality. This article analyses the ‘rationality concept' while decision-making and according to Zimmermann (1983) any action is considered to be rational if it is in conjunction with NY individuals' beliefs as well as values.The most important research tools for psychology of Judgment as well as decision are the normative tools, while the most vital model for Judgment is ‘Babes Theorem' along with multivariate utility models while for the normative model of decision the SUE models are very prominent . This human Judgment is found to be limited which causes the violation of the rationality principles. The concept of Judgmental biases suggests that the probabilistic judgment is mostly hugely biased because the individuals mostly rely on heuristics.In terms of gains and losses the coding outcomes is Just one of the many cognitive mechanisms which people make use of while editing or depicting their decision problems. The third violation of rationality theory occurs while observing the decision-making behavior of people through motivational perspective and several coping patterns which are used by mass while handling stress of various decision situations. In this research the varied deficiencies present in human Judgment as well as decision are being emphasized.On the other hand the optimists who believe n the rationality theory believe and lay emphasis on the implicit rationality of decision behavior as well as human Judgment. In support of their argument they raise mainly three theoretical arguments which are: the meat-rationality argument, the continuity argument and the structure argument. Therefore the researchers of this camp challenge the belief that human decision as well as Judgment is cognitively deficient.The author thus suggests that with reference to rationality issue one should be liberal while utilizing the concept of rationality. Secondly the commonality concept should be used in its prescriptive sense in legitimate manner wherever the prescription is being required and thirdly the concept of rationality should be used very cautiously in descriptive research. Practical Experience When I finished my Bachelors education I got a Job in Transformer making and testing company. There were two groups in the company who were working on the same project and I got selected in one of the group.Both groups were good but one was thinking rationally following the rules, team leader's advice and setting the destination of making up to the conclusion and others were thinking irrationally not allowing the rules of the company, team leader's advice to complete the task within less span of time to make themselves feel good in the company. Both were coming to the same conclusion but chief likes the people who fulfill deeds in an optimistic manner and not in a pessimistic manner.But not all the people will able to follow the qualities of optimistic and fulfill the goals of company rather than being pessimistic and fulfilling the goal of company. Article 5 Abstract: Reading 4. 3. ‘Theories of Risk perception: Who fears what and why? In this article the writer is concentrating on the hypothesis of risk sensing and he fines risk on the foundation of people coming from different aspects like different backgrounds, culture, posture etc. Every individual takes risk on any situation depending on the foundation of situation.For one person the risk might be higher for decisive situation but for another person the same situation might not be risky for him to handle. Different people look at the venture situation differently. The writer tries to explain Risk sensing through different theories on the foundation of different test or example like â€Å"Economic Theory, Knowledge Theory, Political Theory, assist us to realize the role of each in a well defined manner. â€Å"Knowledge Theory' conveys that people recall everything in a different manner I. E. They recall it to be peril and predict it to be grievous or life threatening. Personality Theory' conveys that more or less mass volition to deal with risk and more or less mass avert to deal with risk. â€Å"Economic Theory' conveys that people loaded with money are happy to deal with risk than the wretched people who are not loaded with money. â€Å"Political Theory' conveys that more or less people deal with risk in order to increase the tutus or tycoon in the surroundings. After doing a proper survey on risk it displays that risk postulates from last many ages and it postulates in many domain and well educated people are functioning on risk hypothesis.This article helps us to evaluate how condom is the risk and if there is any danger than what are the means to rub this risk. Practical Experience I wanted to share my experience when working as a ‘cashier' in one of the esteem bank in India (State Bank of India). My Job was to handle all the customer's bank accounts and look after their each cash transactions. In my hand was having all the personal information of their account details and if there was any problem then I was authorized to take each customer's secret information like account details, credit or debit card information etc.All the information of each customer was with me and if anybody could peril of pervert this information and whole rap will seed on me and because of this bank may have to suffer a loss of money or it may harm the reputation of the bank. So in this whole situation it was all depend on the sensing of my risk. If I do not want to have a loss of money to the bank then I should have my aril risk sensing in a positive manner.